A clone that finishes without an error can still leave the new SSD invisible. The drive sits in the machine but never appears in Disk Management, the boot menu, or the firmware list, which makes the upgrade look like a failure.
This guide works from the hardware outward: confirm the firmware sees the disk, fix the controller mode, and only then look at Windows and the clone itself.
Start with the firmware. If the drive is absent from the BIOS list, Windows has nothing to detect, and every repair inside the operating system will fail.

If the model appears in the firmware but not in Windows, the problem is software. If the model never appears, the drive, the slot, or the cable is at fault, and no clone setting will change that.

Controller mode is the most common cause after a motherboard change. The clone is fine, but the driver that reads the disk is no longer loaded at start-up.
If the drive is visible in firmware and still refuses to appear, redo the copy with a tool that writes a complete partition table. Qiling Disk Master rebuilds the layout on the target instead of copying a broken header.
Watch the video tutorial below to clone the drive step by step with Qiling Disk Master.
Step 1. Open Qiling Disk Master, choose Clone, and then select Disk Clone.

Step 2. Select the source disk and click Next.

Step 3. Select the destination SSD and confirm that its data will be replaced.

Step 4. Choose the clone mode and keep the same partition style as the source.

Step 5. Click Proceed, wait for the copy to finish, then shut the machine down before you remove any cable.

An offline disk is the giveaway: it shows in Disk Management with a black bar but no letter. Marking it online and assigning a letter usually restores access without touching the clone.
The connection is failing, the slot is disabled, or the drive needs a BIOS update. Check the cabling and slot first.
Not usually. If the firmware lists the drive, the data is there and only the volume state is wrong.
No. Formatting erases the clone. Diagnose the connection and the partition table before any format.
The disk is likely offline, uninitialized, or missing a letter. Fix those states in the disk tool.
Rarely. Secure Boot affects booting, not detection, though a firmware update can reset the boot list.
Retrying a clone means overwriting the target again, and a diagnostic step can erase the only good copy. Keep a system image on a separate disk before you change settings or re-clone.
Watch the video tutorial below to back up Windows and restore it if the clone fails.
Step 1. Open Qiling Disk Master and select System Backup to include the boot partitions.

Step 2. Save the image to a drive other than the target disk and start the backup.

Step 3. Click Proceed to start the system backup and wait patiently until it finishes. You can also tick Shut down the computer when the operation is completed to power off automatically.

Step 4. If the drive stays undetected, restore the image to the old disk and confirm the machine still starts.

A missing SSD is a diagnostic order problem, not a single bug. Confirm the drive in firmware, fix the controller mode, then check the volume state in Windows, and only re-clone after those steps have failed. The copy is rarely the culprit, and the settings around it are usually the reason the new disk never shows up.
For more on post-clone problems, see Cloned Drive Won't Boot - Fix, Switch from IDE to AHCI After Cloning, Cloned SSD Not Showing Full Capacity, and Fix Drive Letter After Cloning.